电解铝生产含氟工业烟气湿法吸收治理中试装置设计实现

本文通过对国内外近几年有关电解铝含氟化氢工业尾气净化处理大量的参考文献的分析研究及国内外电解铝生产企业在尾气治理方面的技术应用和尾气净化装置运行状况的调研,结合自己的专业特长和工程经验,建立一套有关电解铝含氟化氢尾气在处理、净化氟化氢方面的技术方案,设计制作一套湿法氟化氢吸收中试装置,从工艺方案优化设计、安全运行、设备设计及选材、自动控制、建立相关的副产物检测方法和后续产物的综合利用等方面进行了研究和探讨。     

露天矿山岩质边坡台阶的平台宽度优化

矿山发生局部破坏的边界条件主要是由台阶的几何特征所决定,台阶边坡几何特征主要有台阶坡面角、台阶高度、台阶的平台宽度和台阶组合4要素。在对整体边坡角优化的同时,同样需要对台阶的宽度进行优化。通过分析台阶边坡特征,计算出不同规模破坏的边界条件,进而对矿山台阶的宽度进行优化。通过对一个矿山边坡算例的优化分析,在不改变整体边坡角的前提下,对台阶宽度进行优化,可以避免某些大规模的台阶破坏可能,提高矿山边坡的稳定性。     

基于灰色-马尔科夫模型的我国能源消费结构优化调整

本文以我国1997—2010年的消费结构数据为基础,运用灰色-马尔科夫链模型对数据进行了分析和预测,然后通过MATLAB预测了我国未来十年的能源消费结构,结合我国政府承诺的非化石能源目标对模型预测结果做了进一步的修正,最后根据能源发展趋势给出了能源消费结构的优化策略。     

危险品运输网络优化设计研究综述

为分析当今反恐新形势下的危险品运输网络优化设计问题的研究现状,系统总结国内外关于一般场景和恐怖袭击威胁2种情况下危险品运输网络优化设计研究的主要模型和方法,梳理两者现有的研究内容,并讨论其共性及恐怖袭击威胁情景下的研究的新特点。结果发现:目前关于解决危险品运输网络优化设计问题模型的鲁棒性研究较为缺乏,尤其是模型在更为复杂和不确定性更强的恐怖袭击情景中适用性不强;危险品运输的鲁棒优化模型即使在突发事件条件下,也可以使决策者能够作出相对满意的决策;鲁棒性危险品运输网络能够规避风险扰动,可用来防止在恐怖袭击中因危险品车辆爆炸等造成更大的危害。     

基于正交模拟试验的矿用空气幕结构优化

为了降低空气幕的能耗,依据空气动力学理论,建立了以双三次方曲线为整流器外轮廓线的矿用空气幕模型,采用正交模拟试验方法,以出风口速度分布均匀性及阻力损失为评价指标,研究了不同结构参数下矿用空气幕内流场分布规律,计算出矿用空气幕出风口断面的速度分布均匀性参数及压力损失,得到了最优的矿用空气幕结构模型,该模型风流速度均匀性参数为0.038 5,压力损失为98.3Pa.结果表明,压力漩涡的大小及流速滞留区的范围与整流器密切相关.对矿用空气幕出风口速度分布均匀性影响最大的是供风器出风口宽度,其次为导流体中截面半径;对矿用空气幕压力损失影响最大的是供风器出风口宽度,其次为整流器及供风器长度.当导流体为圆锥体时,矿用空气幕的性能最优.     

Trends in management plans and guides: 25 years of experience from Southern France

This study analysed 14 management plans and guidelines from a 25-year period to understand trends in conservation planning. A Rosetta Stone Analysis was used for the systematic comparison of plans and guidelines. Management plans incorporated management philosophies, management scenarios, opportunities for infrastructure, and plans for data collection by 2000. As of 2010, they incorporated ecosystem services, stakeholders’ objectives and methods for storing and analysing data. The results demonstrate the complex nature of management plans, with an important workload for site managers. Recommendations for future planning include adjustments in planning timeframes and a better identification of conservation targets from initial stages.     

基于复合治理理论的基层应急管理模式优化*

为弥补传统基层应急管理模式的短板，解决信息壁垒、协调困难、公众参与不足等问题。从复合性视角出发，阐述复合治理理论内涵，探讨复合治理与应急管理在主体、思维、过程、空间、目标上的契合性，并进一步分析基层应急管理的现实背景和困境，进而构建基于复合治理理论的基层应急管理模式，阐明模式基本结构和工作流程，最终提出理念树立、平台搭建、机制保障、队伍建设、制度安排、文化营造、技术支撑方面的优化路径。结果表明:复合治理理论的应用可以加强基层应急管理能力，促进多元主体协同共治。     

基于灾害风险评估的山地城市固定避难场所布局优化研究——以东川区为例

研究以各区域灾害风险评估系数作为权重系数,对山地小城市各区域避难场所进行优化布局。首先,通过风险值=危险性*脆弱性/抗灾救灾能力机理表达式构建灾害风险评估指标体系,并以模糊综合评价法得出灾害风险评估数值,在此基础上通过多目标选址优化模型来构建山地城市避难场所的优化模型,其中灾害风险评估系数作为影响布局的权重因素纳入其中。最后,以东川区为研究对象,对其固定避难场所进行优化布局研究,结果表明:东川区城区固定避灾场所数量可在接近最优解的情况下达到效果最优。     

Scenario-based assessment and multi-objective optimization of urban development plan with carrying capacity of water system

• Impact of urban development on water system is assessed with carrying capacity. • Impacts on both water resource quantity and environmental quality are involved. • Multi-objective optimization revealing system trade-off facilitate the regulation. • Efficiency, scale and structure of urban development are regulated in two stages. • A roadmap approaching more sustainable development is provided for the case city. Environmental impact assessments and subsequent regulation measures of urban development plans are critical to human progress toward sustainability, since these plans set the scale and structure targets of future socioeconomic development. A three-step methodology for assessing and optimizing an urban development plan focusing on its impacts on the water system was developed. The methodology first predicted the pressure on the water system caused by implementation of the plan under distinct scenarios, then compared the pressure with the carrying capacity threshold to verify the system status; finally, a multi-objective optimization method was used to propose regulation solutions. The methodology enabled evaluation of the water system carrying state, taking socioeconomic development uncertainties into account, and multiple sets of improvement measures under different decisionmaker preferences were generated. The methodology was applied in the case of Zhoushan city in South-east China. The assessment results showed that overloading problems occurred in 11 out of the 13 zones in Zhoushan, with the potential pressure varying from 1.1 to 18.3 times the carrying capacity. As a basic regulation measure, an environmental efficiency upgrade could relieve the overloading in 4 zones and reduce 9%‒63% of the pressure. The optimization of industrial development showed that the pressure could be controlled under the carrying capacity threshold if the planned scale was reduced by 24% and the industrial structure was transformed. Various regulation schemes including a more suitable scale and structure with necessary efficiency standards are provided for decisionmakers that can help the case city approach a more sustainable development pattern.     

电气柜疲劳强度校核及结构优化

针对多孔闭孔型发泡硅橡胶D型空心密封条的超弹性特性,通过试验找出了密封条回弹力与压缩量之间的关系,提出了密封条满足IP X5的判别方程式,同时对方程式进行了试验验证,最后对密封条进行了阿累尼乌斯图寿命推算,为变流器柜门IP防护设计提供了重要参考。